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Tail Stall
The horizontal stabilizer balances the tendency of the nose to pitch down by generating downward lift on the tail of the aircraft. When the tail stalls, this downward force is lessened or removed, and the nose of the airplane can severely pitch down.
Induction System Ice
Not all aircraft ice is structural; induction icing is the cause of many accidents.
Wing Stall
The wing will ordinarily stall at a lower angle of attack, and thus a higher airspeed, when contaminated with ice. Even small amounts of ice will have an effect, and if the ice is rough, it can be a large effect.
Flashing green
Cleared for taxi or Return for landing (to be followed by steady green at the proper time)
Wake Turbulence
Wake turbulence is a concern whenever small aircraft share an airport with larger ones. The powerful vortices that spiral off the wing tips of heavier aircraft—turboprops and business jets, as well as airliners— can suddenly and unexpectedly toss a small airplane out of control.
Scud Running
This occurs when a pilot tries to maintain visual contact with the terrain at low altitudes while instrument conditions exist.
Duck-Under Syndrome
A pilot may be tempted to make it into an airport by descending below minimums during an approach. There may be a belief that there is a built-in margin of error in every approach procedure, or a pilot may want to admit that the landing cannot be completed and a missed approach must be initiated.
Spatial Disorientation
Spatial disorientation is an erroneous sense or mistaken perception of one's position and motion relative to the earth.
SIGMET
An in-flight weather advisory that is considered significant to all aircraft. SIGMET criteria include severe icing, severe and extreme turbulence, duststorms, sandstorms, volcanic eruptions, and volcanic ash that lower visibility to less than 3 miles.
Steady green
Cleared to land Cleared for takeoff
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